Floor leveling materials have an irreplaceable place in the construction or reconstruction of buildings, especially in the construction of floors where the aim is to reduce the wet process in relation to the speed of completing. Various types of raw materials (expanded clay, aerated concrete, mineralised wood chips, etc.) are used for floor leveling materials. This paper presents research and development of a new type dry leveling floor material based on treated cuttings from cement-bonded particleboard processing. This leveling material is intended for reconstruction and even construction of new floors in buildings. Research and development takes into account the environmental situation, because approximately 5,000 t of cuttings is produced during the formatting of cement-bonded particleboard annualy. The intention of the research and development was to assess the properties and behaviour of the leveling material based on suitably modified cuttings from the production of cement-bonded particleboards. The composition of the cuttings was adjusted in a jaw crusher and subsequently, different variants of the leveling material were analysed in terms of particle size distribution, compressibility, confined compressive strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity coefficient. The properties of the developed material were also compared with the parameters of commonly commercially available leveling materials.

In this contribution, experimental and numeric analysis of slender stair tread model made of an ultra-high performance concrete, is described. Task of the analysis is to determine the behaviour of the model under acting load. The experimental part is represented by the static load test with the use of a vacuum method. Besides that, nonlinear numerical analysis in the environment of the ATENA Science software, is described. Gained results from both parts of the analysis are compared and unusual behaviour of the model is discussed.

Stairs are an integral part of multi-storey buildings and must meet a few ones based mainly on technical standards. One of the basic requirements for buildings is mechanical resistance and stability, which is currently often verified by calculation methods. If the calculation methods are insufficient, the experimental methods of loading the structures described in this publication must be used. The paper summarizes the course of static loading of prefabricated stair assemblies made of composite materials based on cement and reinforcing organic fibers. The applied methods are based on European standards and guidelines for technical technical approval.

Producers and suppliers of construction materials are dealing with rising prices of raw materials, semi-finished products and lots of different types of products. Insecurity of input raw material supplies for production is on the rise as well. This is due to the concurrence of many unfavourable circumstances.

Plastics are now being directed primarily to healthcare, mainly for the production of protective aids against virus transmission. A large amount of plastics is used for disposable food containers or packaging of goods, which is now more than ever ordered online. The outage of production capacity of global plastics producers in the USA has the biggest impact on plastics prices. Lack of plastics in the US influences significantly the quantity of plastics available on European markets. The subsequent withdrawal of plastics from China and Europe significantly contributes to logistics complications. Insufficient capacity of transport ships, aircraft and rail transport makes delivery times longer.

Reduction or termination of production of some smelters in Europe, rising emission allowance prices, tariff restrictions and a shortage of metals from Asia are contributing to raise metal prices. It is seen on the London Metal Exchange.

Although the long-term bark beetle calamity is not at its end yet, foresters have succeeded in stopping it in many places in the Czech Republic. Logging of bark beetle timber is decreasing and its price increases. The increase is caused not only by the decrease in logging, but also by export of this timber abroad, particularly to China, which is a phenomenon of the last two years.

Pandemic restrictions have impact on availability of workers for materials production, products logistics, sale and on-site assembly. There was a slowdown in construction output in spring and summer 2020. However, a recovery phase has been seen recently and demand for many materials exceeds supply.

This article deals with the manufacturing process of inorganic foam glass with utilization of waste diatomite as a raw material. The waste diatomite was first subjected to an analysis of chemical and mineralogical composition. The foam glass was formed by a powder sintering method by pressing into pellets with the addition of a foaming agent. After firing, the properties of the foam glass were investigated using an X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, bulk density, and compressive strength. The possibility of utilization of waste diatomite in raw material mixtures was investigated in accordance with the influence of firing temperature and the resulting properties of inorganic foam glass.

The construction industry is the primary source of environmental impacts, especially the carbon footprint. Life cycle assessment (LCA) as an analytical method is used for quantifying the environmental impact of the investigated residential building. Life cycle costs (LCC) from the point of view of the circular economy create an economic model prioritizing reuse and recycling. The aim of this paper is to assess the residential building in terms of carbon footprint, using LCA analysis and circular economy, using LCC analysis. The residential building emits 1 756 tons of CO_2e , which represents 41.35 kg CO_2e/m²/year. The total estimated life cycle cost of the building in nominal terms is 1 694 699.61 €. This is the average total life cycle cost of 1 995.21 €/m².

Reducing the consumption of non-renewable raw materials has become a growing issue in recent years. The construction of constructed treatment wetlands generates a significant consumption of natural aggregates, which can be classified as non-renewable raw materials. For this reason, it is necessary to try to find alternative materials to natural aggregates. A substitute for conventional aggregates may be recycled construction materials, which are still not as widely used as natural materials, mainly due to their low quality. The currently available materials should be evaluated in terms of replacing the main filter material of vertical filters, as this is where the consumption of natural aggregates is highest. The aim is to ensure financial savings by using more affordable recyclates, but also to preserve sufficient natural resources for future generations.

The presented paper deals with the evaluation of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in two apartment units in different stages of interior construction - in the initial state and in the final state of a completely furnished apartment. The results of IEQ monitoring confirmed the minimal differences between an unfurnished apartment and a fully furnished apartment in terms of thermal-humidity microclimate. The average particulate matter concentrations of the two representative fractions (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) were higher for apartment in the initial state. On the contrary, higher concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were recorded in the case of a furnished apartment. The legislative limit for PM₁₀ (50 µg/m³) and the maximum recommended Mølhave value (200 µg/m³) for TVOC were exceeded several times in both apartments. In the case of unfurnished apartment, workers are exposed not only to increased concentrations of TVOC, but also to increased concentrations of PM, and should therefore pay attention to the protection and safety of health at work. More detailed monitoring aimed at identifying and determining the target VOCs showed the presence of xylenes and ethylbenzene in the indoor air of an unfurnished apartment. In addition to xylenes and ethylbenzene, toluene was present in the furnished apartment. Concentrations of these compounds were below legislative limits, except for ethylbenzene, for which no legislative limits are set. It follows from the above that further surface treatment and furnishing of the apartment contributes to increasing the level of VOCs in the indoor environment.

The paper deals with the behaviour of welded I-section duplex stainless steel members loaded by compression and major axis bending combination. The current beam-column design procedure is presented with its shortcomings described. To obtain the real behaviour data a set of conducted tests is presented, then numerical model created in Abaqus software with its validation is described. Furthermore, development of a unique pin-ended mechanism for member or member structure tests is given.

The new Eurocodes for basis of design and actions are almost completed and the final phases of their minor modifications are underway within the working groups of technical subcommittees SC1 and SC10. Their national availability for translations and preparation of national annexes is planned between 2023 and 2025, their implementation and withdrawal of the current Eurocodes in 2028. For the operational implementation of the new generation of Eurocodes, it will soon be necessary to prepare new national annexes and optimally set the values of nationally determined parameters, including calibrations of partial factors for loads and material properties, to ensure reliability, safety and economy of our buildings. It is expected to use the potential of our experts, as well as the considerable financial resources will be needed for the national implementation of the new Eurocodes and the publication of new manuals with practical applications.

The article presents a structural survey of the historic building of the Imperial Hospital at Prague Castle. The aim of the survey was to determine the functional capability and durability of the building, including an assessment of its usability and evaluation of the condition of historical materials. The research was focused mainly on the issue of inappropriate interventions performed in the past and the associated increased moisture of structures.

Greening of the cities (Green Architecture) is one of the current trends in the development of urban architecture. Apart from the system elements of facades overgrown or planted with vegetation, which are a question of the current century, the Green Architecture also includes the traditional use of plants - direct planting near building structures, with their gradual connection using climbing and attachment mechanisms of plants. The effects of such a surface on traditional and modern building surfaces have not yet been precisely defined. The paper presents the results of moisture measurement of the outer surface of traditional building structures in order to evaluate the effect of vegetation surface on the structure.

This paper deals with the diagnostics of a timber load-bearing structure before planned renovation of covering structures. The roof and facade cladding can also change the load conditions, therefore, the inspection static design in this case is necessary. The planned object renovation is an opportunity for elaboration of diagnostic inspection of the supporting structure.

The paper discusses additive manufacturing in the building industry in terms of definition of terminology, application technology, machinery and materials to be used. It gives examples of executed buildings and discusses the possibilities of using natural materials for 3D printing of buildings. Current research and future prospects in the field of additive manufacturing are presented. The paper was created within the framework of specific research at the Faculty of Architecture of Brno University of Technology, where the possibilities of 3D printing from natural materials will be further analyzed.

Mobile laser scanning (MLS) is currently commonly used in many surveying applications. The refinement of MLS point clouds is usually done by increasing the number of control points (CP) equally distributed within the mapped area. The accuracy of point clouds can also be improved by multiple passes of the mobile mapping system (MMS). This paper deals with the proposal of a suitable procedure by which it would be possible to remove local deformations of MLS point clouds. The proposed approach is based on the comparison of point clouds from multiple MMS passes. Additional CPs are then added to the places where the more significant differences between the point clouds.

There are situations when it is necessary to determine the state of prestressing at a specific time on existing structures. In these cases, it is possible to use indirect methods for determining the state of prestressing. These methods consist of the observation of selected quantities on the investigated structure. Subsequently, based on obtained results it is possible to analytically calculate the actual state of prestressing. The observed quantities include e.g., strain, deformations, crack width etc. This paper presents an overview of possible indirect methods for determining the prestressing in the structure.

This paper deals with the possibilities of using modern measurement methods and technologies, i.e. ground-based laser scanning (TLS) and Image Based Modeling and Rendering (IBMR), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) for processing, distribution and archiving of data collected during the Building Archaeology Survey (BAS). The paper tries to briefly summarize the current state of the author's knowledge and his practical experience with the issue.

The paper deals with the determination of strength characteristics of masonry composite. The MQI strategy, published by the staff of the University of Perugia, is presented. The calculation is based on a certain value analysis of several parameters, based on which the MQI masonry index is calculated. The index is then calibrated so that the strength characteristics of the masonry according to the new Italian standards can be determined from its value.

Modern composite materials are increasingly used in construction. One example is textile reinforced concrete (TRC), consisting of high-quality concrete and non-metallic reinforcing materials, most often in technical textiles. The current use of TRC is mainly in non-loadbearing structures such as facade panels and design elements. However, due to the excellent mechanical properties of TRC, it is possible to design subtle structures with high load-bearing capacity. Therefore, this material has a high potential in load-bearing structures. Consequently, it is necessary to comprehensively assess these materials in terms of load-bearing capacity at normal and elevated temperatures. For this reason, within the Faculty of Civil Engineering CTU in Prague and UCEEB CTU in Prague, research teams deal with the development and material research of TRC for use in load-bearing structures, including evaluation of its possible application in construction.

The aim of this paper is the modal analysis of a thin technical textile in shape of hyperbolic paraboloid. It is the geometrically nonlinear membrane structure, which can function only in tension. In this case, the structure was subjected to the natural vibration as a part of the overall dynamic analysis. All of this results in natural frequencies and mode shapes and deflections. Acquired results describe the dynamic behaviour of nonlinear system without affect of the external load. This part could represent a first step in the dynamic analysis and exactly the forced vibration as nonlinear time history analysis will have to be performed in a future to complete it.