The fourth and last part of the series of articles on the problem of masonry buildings situated in floodplains deals with the problem of loading of buildings during the passage of a flood wave. Specifically, the calculation of the load from the vertical buoyancy of water from the flood wave, the load from the dynamic pressure and the load from the dynamic effect of a floating object.
Moisture affects the strength of wood. The strength decreases with increasing humidity. Excessive moisture in wood allows the growth of wood-decay fungi. They attack the building covertly and can cause great damage before they are detected. Wood can be protected against wood-decay fungi by impregnation. Its use in residential buildings is problematic. That is why structural protection is used, i.e. incorporating the wood into the building in such a way that it does not get wet or even soaked and its natural drying out is ensured. During the lifetime of a building, timber can be threatened by high humidity in the structure, condensation, water vapour, leakage or failure of water supply systems and, for example, flooding. It is wise to measure the moisture content of timber in structures and to react in good time to excessive moisture content. Unfortunately, there are not many ways to do this. The method described in this article addresses the monitoring of moisture in timber enclosed in structures.
The Prague and Brno Building Regulations approved in 2024 no longer require compliance with daylighting requirements in dwelling rooms in buildings with a closed or semi-closed construction line. In these buildings, it should be sufficient to prove that the window area is at least one tenth of the room floor area. The paper deals with the daylighting evaluation in differently obstructed rooms whose window area is exactly 10% of the room floor area.
The article is focused on the issue of traditional timber joist floor structures and floor compositions from the period up to the first half of the 20th century. In building practice, we very often encounter these structures in residential buildings that are the subject of structural changes. During these interventions, the basic ideas of the original technical solution are not always respected and some physical parameters of building are degraded. The article describes the principles that were devoted to these types of structures in historical legislative and standard regulations and further in professional literature. The original historical solutions are presented on a practical example. In relation to building interventions in historic timber joist floor structures, current legislative and standard regulations are described, as well as examples of modern solutions and their limitations.
The article is focused on the issue of traditional timber joist floor structures and floor compositions from the period up to the first half of the 20th century. In building practice, we very often encounter these structures in residential buildings that are the subject of structural changes. During these interventions, the basic ideas of the original technical solution are not always respected and some physical parameters of building are degraded. The article describes the principles that were devoted to these types of structures in historical legislative and standard regulations and further in professional literature. The original historical solutions are presented on a practical example. In relation to building interventions in historic timber joist floor structures, current legislative and standard regulations are described, as well as examples of modern solutions and their limitations.
The article deals with the description of selected graphic-numerical methods used to determine the amount of daylight. The principle of derivation of these methods is explained and the principle of working with the relevant diagrams is described. Nowadays, we rarely see the use of diagrams in practice, but some professional software uses them either directly or at least in their graphical outputs.
The article deals with the description of selected graphic-numerical methods used to determine the amount of daylight. The principle of derivation of these methods is explained and the principle of working with the relevant diagrams is described. Nowadays, we rarely see the use of diagrams in practice, but some professional software uses them either directly or at least in their graphical outputs.
The article deals with daylighting assessment in habitable rooms according to the currently valid Czech Standard ČSN 73 0580-2 and according to the Draft Czech Decree on Requirements for Constructions. The case study investigates and compares the daylighting availability in rooms which meet the requirements stated in the draft decree.
Textile and leather wallpapers are an integral part of the interior of historic buildings. These types of wallpaper are specific in their construction, where they are stretched on wooden frames and form a membrane in front of the wall. Verification of diffusion properties is one of the steps to elucidate the thermal-humidity behaviour of these historical structures. Knowledge of diffuse properties is important for architectural and historical surveys and for the reconstruction of historical buildings. Based on this knowledge, we can assess other properties of wallpaper construction, such as moisture and microbial climate.
The standard “ČSN 73 0527 Acoustics – Acoustical design of rooms – Rooms for cultural uses – Rooms in schools – Rooms for public purposes” was revised after 18 years. In the framework of this revision, the regulations for determining the optimum reverberation time were updated, especially in relation to commonly used technologies and trends in the use of the spaces in question. A new methodology for determining the standard of acoustic treatment for spaces with lower acoustic requirements was developed and, last but not least, a code for occupancy calculations for measuring reverberation time in unoccupied spaces was defined.
As heat islands are referred areas in urbanized cities where the temperature is significantly higher in the summer than in their surroundings. With advancing climate change, the occurrence of heat islands is more numerous. It is obvious that construction has a direct effect on the creation, or on the contrary, on the regulation of heat islands in cities. Due to the available possibilities of 3D modelling of objects and projecting with the help of the BIM method, it is possible to carry out numerical simulations of the effect of objects on the surroundings and monitor the indicators of the formation of a heat island. Building objects can therefore be designed with a high regard for the environmental aspect of the project. This paper describes selected options for numerical modelling of heat islands.
The paper deals with the effect of all-metal anchors of suspended facades on the heat transfer coefficient of double skin walls. The thermal properties of the anchors are described by means of the point heat transfer coefficient, which can be obtained using a derived formula or calculation aid.
The data for the derivation of the formula and the calculation aid were obtained by three-dimensional modelling and analysis of the calculated data in the framework of the thesis [2]. The input data and the necessary documents used for the calculation were provided by H&B delta. The thesis thus provides a simple calculation and possible comparison of several material and design variants of the used all-metal anchors.
The sound absorption coefficient is one of the most common quantities describing the acoustic behaviour of materials and structures intended for use in room acoustics. This contribution first shows a brief overview of techniques for measuring sound absorption coefficient. Special attention is paid to the impedance tube (often called Kundt tube) group of methods. The following is an introduction to the measurement of the transfer-function method and to a developed impedance tube prototype, including both the hardware assembly and the software implementation of the measurement.
The article presents a structural survey of the historic building of the Imperial Hospital at Prague Castle. The aim of the survey was to determine the functional capability and durability of the building, including an assessment of its usability and evaluation of the condition of historical materials. The research was focused mainly on the issue of inappropriate interventions performed in the past and the associated increased moisture of structures.
Greening of the cities (Green Architecture) is one of the current trends in the development of urban architecture. Apart from the system elements of facades overgrown or planted with vegetation, which are a question of the current century, the Green Architecture also includes the traditional use of plants - direct planting near building structures, with their gradual connection using climbing and attachment mechanisms of plants. The effects of such a surface on traditional and modern building surfaces have not yet been precisely defined. The paper presents the results of moisture measurement of the outer surface of traditional building structures in order to evaluate the effect of vegetation surface on the structure.
To properly understand the meaning of standardization of daylight, it is necessary to think in general about the reason for the existence of standards and the means of their creation. Such a consideration may have its current significance at this time, when the European Commission for Standardization (CEN) unified standards for daylighting of buildings throughout Europe and when the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic approved a new building law.
This article focuses on theory of thermal bridges of ventilated facades and deriving approximate formula to include effect of ventillated facades with fixing elements MFT-FOX (type HT and VT) on heat transmittance of construction by means of modeling 3D calculations of 3D constructions and analysing data of point and linear thermal transmittance.
