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Archiv článků od 7.10.2019 do 28.12.2020

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28.12.2020
prof. Ing. Pavel Kuklík, CSc., ČVUT v Praze, Fakulta stavební, katedra mechaniky

This contribution deals with damage to buildings and building materials due to bad manage of rainwater regime. Effects are divided according to location of damage. First, the damage of roofs and roof trusses is presented, which are followed by examples of damage to the enclosure walls. The most attention, including numerical 3D modeling, is devoted to damage to foundation structures and foundations.

23.11.2020
Ing. Miroslav Procházka, Technický a zkušební ústav stavební Praha, s.p.

This paper deals with the test results of shear characteristics of thermal insulation boards based on MW with longitudinal orientation of fibres of thickness 200 mm and more according to ČSN EN 13162+A1, documents serious faults in test procedure according to current ČSN EN 12090, reasons included, and proposes possible way of their solution.

10.11.2020
doc. Ing. Vladimír Tichomirov, CSc., LL.M., Inženýrská, expertní a znalecká kancelář Brno

In the expert business, the usual requirement is to find a possible fault, its cause and a proposal for how to eliminate it. More and more often, however, in expert practice I encounter the requirement to simultaneously assess the current state of the flat roof and especially the waterproofing layer and comment on its possible further functionality and durability.

2.11.2020
doc. Ing. Miloš Lavický, Ph.D., Ing. Zuzana Mastná, Ph.D.

The paper is presenting problems that are to be solved within expert opinions focused on wooden houses which foundation is designed as a crawl space.

26.10.2020
Ing. Jakub Čurpek, PhD., Ing. Jozef Bočkaj, Ing. Martina Jurigová, PhD.

The present paper deals with the assessment of several realized construction details within the renewed flat roof of the multifunctional building. The new roof structure has the composition of a single-layer flat roof with a classic order of layers, which is mounted on the original roof structure. The problematic details are closely related to the incorrect realization of the waterproof membrane and its fitting to the individual building structures within the detail. Individual factors play a significant role in the assessment: absence of additional elements (cover and anchor strips), improper drainage of rainwater from the roof surface and improper handling of accessories within the waterproof membrane. The assessment of the individual details revealed significant shortcomings that can cause rainwater penetration into the roof structure and thus endanger the reliability and durability of the roof.

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19.10.2020
Ing. Miroslav Procházka, Technický a zkušební ústav stavební Praha, s.p.

This paper deals with the content of prepared review of ČSN 73 2902:2020 External thermal insulating composite systems (ETICS) – Design and application of mechanical fastening for fixing of ETICS in the base material. It specifies modifications made in content of standard and in particular the addition of new provisions for correct assessment of the stability of the ETICS.

5.10.2020
Ing. Marek Kervitcer, doc. Ing. Karel Šuhajda, Ph.D.

The paper deals with construction modifications of the public building complex roof, which was repeatedly flooded. The roof structure consists of a combination of a sloped roof around the perimeter of the building and a flat roof above the inner space of the floor plan. In the article the authors focus on solving the atypical detail required by the roof modifications.

17.8.2020
Ing. Jaroslav Hejl, Stavební fakulta, ČVUT v Praze

In modern building systems, sound insulation of walls is often made of multi-layer structures. This article deals with the acoustic operation of such structures and discusses the importance of proper implementation. It also warns against limited sound insulation at low frequencies, which is often not given enough attention. Software for calculating sound insulation - INSUL - was used to compare the acoustic behavior of structures and for simulations.

27.7.2020
doc. Ing. Jiří Zach, Ph.D., Ing. Vítězslav Novák, Ing. Martin Sedlmajer, Ph.D., Ing. Jan Bubeník

From the point of view of sustainable development in construction, the possibility of using easily renewable raw materials for the production of advanced thermal insulation materials currently represents an interesting way to effectively reduce the energy consumption of buildings. Insulators with ever-increasing thicknesses are being utilised in buildings; the use of these raw materials allows for the insulators’ production without the need for a substantial increase in CO2 emissions and energy consumption.
Natural fibres generally display very low thermal conductivity. Despite their relatively great thickness (in the case of technical fibres) these fibres are porous, and upon reducing pressure they show significant loss of thermal conductivity. Remarkably, it is the same in the case of materials based on glass fibres, which are used industrially in the production of vacuum insulators. When using natural materials as thermal insulators there is a common problem with their high sensitivity to humidity and consequent degradation of thermal insulating properties upon increasing their water content. In the case of using natural fibres for the production of vacuum insulators, these fibres are protected against humidity by a barrier foil that creates a vacuum insulation panel (moreover, the panel also always contains an active dryer), this is why their use in this field is so interesting.

19.6.2020
Jiří Patloka, Erika Kratochvílová

The unfavourable effects of the weather on unprotected wood and timber products can cause changes to the mechanical and chemical properties of the wood, and if unchecked can do irreversible damage. The sheathing of wooden buildings must always be supplemented with surface treatments, and in a large number of cases a contact thermal insulation system is used. The paper presents research focused on the possibility of using a commonly used cement adhesive for bonding thermal insulation to the substrate formed by oriented strand boards. The substrate is provided with several types of penetration coatings or bonding primers and subsequently their influence on the adhesion of the cement adhesive is monitored. The best values were achieved when treating the surface treatment with a modified dispersion with quartz sand. On the other hand, the penetration coating of a mixture of water, nanodispersion of styrene-acrylate copolymer and additives is inappropriate treatment.

8.6.2020
Ing. Hollý Ján, doc. Ing. et Palko Milan, Ing. arch. PhD., Ing. Martina Jurigová, PhD., Ing. Adela Palková, PhD.

Contractors tend to ignore design solutions to reduce the cost of construction. Change of materials, absence of building elements, adjustment of layer composition, application of cheaper alternatives – these are common situations in construction practice. In certain cases, these modifications are without consequences, but in such a situation it is necessary, among other things, to take into account the laws of physics. This article deals with the case in which the structure was replaced – instead of the reinforced concrete ceiling slab, the contractor chose a wooden structure. Wood has significantly different properties than reinforced concrete, so it is necessary to take into account several aspects such as statis, thermo-technical properties and last but not least – with whitch this article deals with – moisture conditions in the structure. The relationship of wood and moisture is specific, the article assesses a specific case of such a structure, lists the possible consequences and finally suggests the most appropriate solution – adjusting the composition of this particular ceiling structure to meet the requirements.

27.4.2020
Ing. Róbert Sonnenschein, PhD., Katedra betónových konštrukcií a mostov, SvF STU v Bratislave

White tanks are structures which, in addition to the load-bearing function, must also have the function of watertightness. Watertight of the concrete is ensured by adherence to design, production and technological measures. The width of the early-age cracks that former in the structure is controlled by the reinforcement. During construction, however, joints (expansion, construction and control) are created in the structure, which must also be watertight. The joints are the most sensitive place of the white tank and therefore the most leaks are created at the point of the joints. The correct choice of the joint sealing system is the basis for the design of the watertight joint. The paper deals with the description of various joint seal and pipes through of the white tank.

17.4.2020
Ing. Patrik Šťastný, Katedra technológie stavieb, Stavebná fakulta, Slovenská technická univerzita v Bratislave

The elementary aim of the described research is to prove the necessity of creating an additional impermeable layer acting as moisture insulation of historical structures by means of undercutting technology. From a technological point of view and also based on known research, it is obvious that this technology is one of the most effective remediation methods. Unfortunately, the use of this technology is from the point of view of Regional Monuments Authorities, which, due to adherence to the uncompromising Venetian Charter, is considerably limited, because, despite considerable efficiency, this technology disrupts the integrity of historical vertical structures. The methodology of research into undercutting technology consists in verifying and demonstrating the effectiveness of this technology in various historical buildings and recording individual moisture values in situ before and after the implementation of the technology. The results measured in this way should objectively prove the necessity of using the technology of undercutting masonry as a remediation method of wet historical structures, provided that this does not compromise the statics of the object and this intervention is necessary.

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13.1.2020
doc. Ing. Vladimír Tichomirov, CSc., LL.M., Ing. Marek Kervitcer

In this paper, the authors consider the aspects of routine procedure compared to the expert approach in solving construction defects and failures. For better orientation in the issue the basic terminology of defects and failures sphere is given. Also, the authors describe in details the course of both solutions, contemplate their specific aspects and point out their consequences. An essential part of the article is presentation of the potential benefits of the expert approach, the advantages of the expert approach are emphasized in the conclusion.

6.1.2020
Ing. Dagmar Michoinová, Ph.D., Národní památkový ústav ČR, Technologická laboratoř,

The paper discusses the importance of water absorption of traditional building materials and the ability of traditional non-insulated buildings to withstand rising damp. It also draws attention to some of the risks involved in reducing the water absorption of building materials designed for remediation of moisture and salts problems of traditional buildings.

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30.12.2019
Ing. Eduard Schilhart, CSc., Sdružení výrobců pro ploché střechy

Any roof likely to fall from a height shall be fitted with a handrail or restraint system as appropriate for the intended operation. Protection of persons against falls from a height must be addressed already during construction. Therefore, Act No. 309/2006 Coll. in its current wording, it specifies the work of the contractor and sets out its obligations. In addition to this Act updated in 2016, it is of course necessary to take into account other legislative requirements in the construction process. This implies many responsibilities of individual construction participants, which will be discussed in this paper.

4.12.2019
Josef Krupka, Zakládající člen České hydroizolační společnosti (ČHIS)

The flat roofs of warehouse and production halls show some typical defects. A very common cause of roof problems is incorrect implementation of anchoring detail of the attic. The causes and solutions to these typical defects are described below.

Ilustrační obrázek © Dmitry Vereshchagin - Fotolia.com
25.11.2019
Ing. Otto Dvořák, Ph.D., VŠB TUO FBI Ostrava, externí školitel

The article briefly introduces basic technical terminology, errors and computational algorithms for estimating uncertainty of type A, type B, combined and extended uncertainty of test results and that the test management performs the tasks specified in the standard ČSN EN ISO / IEC 17025.

11.11.2019
prof. Ing. Martin Jiránek, CSc., ČVUT v Praze, Fakulta stavební

The article describes all significant changes in the field of designing and implementing radon protective and remedial measures introduced by the revised version of ČSN 73 0601, which came into force on 1.10.2019. A new way of selecting measures according to the building type and new concept of designing according to the design values of input parameters are introduced. A new methodology for designing radon-proof insulations is described in detail. According to this methodology, only insulation with a radon resistance greater than the prescribed minimum radon resistance can be used for building protection.

7.10.2019
Ing. Dana Bellušová, Technický a skúšobný ústav stavebný, n.o.

The contribution deals with the experiment verifying the load bearing capacity of anchors for ETICS with thermal insulation of higher thicknesses. In connection with the increase of the requirements for the energy performance of buildings, the thermal insulation thicknesses are increased to meet the design conditions.


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